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Ci-dessous, les différences entre deux révisions de la page.

--- info:emacs:start [2018/07/18 08:58] – ↷ Page déplacée et renommée de info:xemacs à info:emacs:start radeff
+++ info:emacs:start [2026/08/26 14:19] (Version actuelle) – radeff
@@ Ligne 1: / Ligne 1: @@
-todo
+====== Emacs ======
+{{tag>emacs editor LaTeX}}
+{{ :info:emacs.jpg?200|}}C'est Kaspar (comprennent ceux qui le connaissent) qui m'a initié, en 1998, à cet éditeur irremplaçable, lorsque d'autres éditeurs graphiques ne suffisent plus et en évitant le rupestre [[:info:vim|vi]]
+===== Install =====
+    flatpak install flathub org.gnu.emacs
+ensuite, ajouter un fichier exécutable dans votre path du genre
+    flatpak run org.gnu.emacs
+vos config personnelles seront sous
+    ~/.emacs.d/init.el
+<note tip>il est possible de symlinker cela sur un serveur afin de partager les config entre plusieurs machines</note>
+===== Doc =====
+https://linuxfr.org/users/bersace/journaux/une-configuration-gnu-emacs-communautaire-qui-vaut-le-detour-doom-emacs
+==== EmacsWiki ====
+{{:info:emacswiki.png?200|}}
+The EmacsWiki is dedicated to documenting and discussing EmacsAndXEmacs and EmacsLisp. See the MissionStatement for more information.
+  * https://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/SiteMap
+  * [[http://rigaux.org/emacs-tut2.html|Tutorial pour Emacs, pour le programmeur]]
+  * [[http://www.linux-france.org/article/appli/emacs/manuel/|Manuel]]
+===== LaTeX =====
+==== auctex ====
+ AUCTeX is an extensible package for writing and formatting TeX files in GNU Emacs and XEmacs. It supports many different TeX macro packages, including AMS-TeX, LaTeX, Texinfo, ConTeXt, and docTeX (dtx files).
+https://www.gnu.org/software/auctex/
+==== TeX-Mode ====
+ Emacs provides special major modes for editing files written in TeX and its related formats. TeX is a powerful text formatter written by Donald Knuth; like GNU Emacs, it is free software. LaTeX is a simplified input format for TeX, implemented using TeX macros. DocTeX is a special file format in which the LaTeX sources are written, combining sources with documentation. SliTeX is an obsolete special form of LaTeX.
+https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/html_node/emacs/TeX-Mode.html
+  * Emacs as the Ultimate LaTeX Editor https://piotrkazmierczak.com/2010/emacs-as-the-ultimate-latex-editor/
+  * https://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/LaTeX
+===== Astuces =====
+Utile pour recharger un programme édité ailleurs (si on bosse avec plusieurs éditeurs simultanément sur un même fichier:
+M-x revert-buffer (if you want you can bind it to a key), or use a more practice trick: use C-x C-v RET.
+===== Emacs Command Summary =====
+<code>
+SOURCE: http://www.cs.rutgers.edu/LCSR-Computing/some-docs/emacs-chart.html
+Emacs command summary, Thu Jul 25.
+C-SP     set-mark-command		 C-q      quoted-insert
+C-a      beginning-of-line		 C-r      isearch-backward
+C-b      backward-char			 C-s      isearch-forward
+C-c      exit-recursive-edit		 C-t      transpose-chars
+C-d      delete-char			 C-u      universal-argument
+C-e      end-of-line			 C-v      scroll-up
+C-f      forward-char			 C-w      kill-region
+C-h      help-command			 C-x      Control-X-prefix
+TAB      indent-for-tab-command		 C-y      yank
+LFD      newline-and-indent		 C-z      suspend-emacs
+C-k      kill-line			 ESC      ESC-prefix
+C-l      recenter			 C-]      abort-recursive-edit
+RET      newline			 C-_      undo
+C-n      next-line			 SPC .. ~        self-insert-command
+C-o      open-line			 DEL      delete-backward-char
+C-p      previous-line
+C-h v    describe-variable		 C-h d    describe-function
+C-h w    where-is			 C-h k    describe-key
+C-h t    help-with-tutorial		 C-h c    describe-key-briefly
+C-h s    describe-syntax		 C-h b    describe-bindings
+C-h n    view-emacs-news		 C-h a    command-apropos
+C-h C-n  view-emacs-news		 C-h C-d  describe-distribution
+C-h m    describe-mode			 C-h C-c  describe-copying
+C-h l    view-lossage			 C-h ?    help-for-help
+C-h i    info				 C-h C-h  help-for-help
+C-h f    describe-function
+C-x C-a  add-mode-abbrev		 C-x 5    split-window-horizontally
+C-x C-b  list-buffers			 C-x ;    set-comment-column
+C-x C-c  save-buffers-kill-emacs	 C-x <    scroll-left
+C-x C-d  list-directory			 C-x =    what-cursor-position
+C-x C-e  eval-last-sexp			 C-x >    scroll-right
+C-x C-f  find-file			 C-x [    backward-page
+C-x C-h  inverse-add-mode-abbrev	 C-x ]    forward-page
+C-x TAB  indent-rigidly			 C-x ^    enlarge-window
+C-x C-l  downcase-region		 C-x `    next-error
+C-x C-n  set-goal-column		 C-x a    append-to-buffer
+C-x C-o  delete-blank-lines		 C-x b    switch-to-buffer
+C-x C-p  mark-page			 C-x d    dired
+C-x C-q  toggle-read-only		 C-x e    call-last-kbd-macro
+C-x C-r  find-file-read-only		 C-x f    set-fill-column
+C-x C-s  save-buffer			 C-x g    insert-register
+C-x C-t  transpose-lines		 C-x h    mark-whole-buffer
+C-x C-u  upcase-region			 C-x i    insert-file
+C-x C-v  find-alternate-file		 C-x j    register-to-dot
+C-x C-w  write-file			 C-x k    kill-buffer
+C-x C-x  exchange-dot-and-mark		 C-x l    count-lines-page
+C-x C-z  suspend-emacs			 C-x m    mail
+C-x ESC  repeat-complex-command		 C-x n    narrow-to-region
+C-x $    set-selective-display		 C-x o    other-window
+C-x (    start-kbd-macro		 C-x p    narrow-to-page
+C-x )    end-kbd-macro			 C-x q    kbd-macro-query
+C-x +    add-global-abbrev		 C-x r    copy-rectangle-to-register
+C-x -    inverse-add-global-abbrev	 C-x s    save-some-buffers
+C-x .    set-fill-prefix		 C-x u    advertised-undo
+C-x /    dot-to-register		 C-x w    widen
+C-x 0    delete-window			 C-x x    copy-to-register
+C-x 1    delete-other-windows		 C-x {    shrink-window-horizontally
+C-x 2    split-window-vertically	 C-x }    enlarge-window-horizontally
+C-x 4    ctl-x-4-prefix			 C-x DEL  backward-kill-sentence
+ESC C-SP mark-sexp			 ESC =    count-lines-region
+ESC C-a  beginning-of-defun		 ESC >    end-of-buffer
+ESC C-b  backward-sexp			 ESC @    mark-word
+ESC C-c  exit-recursive-edit		 ESC O    ??
+ESC C-d  down-list			 ESC [    backward-paragraph
+ESC C-e  end-of-defun			 ESC \    delete-horizontal-space
+ESC C-f  forward-sexp			 ESC ]    forward-paragraph
+ESC C-h  mark-defun			 ESC ^    delete-indentation
+ESC LFD  indent-new-comment-line	 ESC a    backward-sentence
+ESC C-k  kill-sexp			 ESC b    backward-word
+ESC C-n  forward-list			 ESC c    capitalize-word
+ESC C-o  split-line			 ESC d    kill-word
+ESC C-p  backward-list			 ESC e    forward-sentence
+ESC C-s  isearch-forward-regexp		 ESC f    forward-word
+ESC C-t  transpose-sexps		 ESC g    fill-region
+ESC C-u  backward-up-list		 ESC h    mark-paragraph
+ESC C-v  scroll-other-window		 ESC i    tab-to-tab-stop
+ESC C-w  append-next-kill		 ESC j    indent-new-comment-line
+ESC ESC  ??				 ESC k    kill-sentence
+ESC C-\  indent-region			 ESC l    downcase-word
+ESC SPC  just-one-space			 ESC m    back-to-indentation
+ESC !    shell-command			 ESC q    fill-paragraph
+ESC $    spell-word			 ESC r    move-to-window-line
+ESC %    query-replace			 ESC t    transpose-words
+ESC '    abbrev-prefix-mark		 ESC u    upcase-word
+ESC (    insert-parentheses		 ESC v    scroll-down
+ESC )    move-past-close-and-reindent	 ESC w    copy-region-as-kill
+ESC ,    tags-loop-continue		 ESC x    execute-extended-command
+ESC -    negative-argument		 ESC y    yank-pop
+ESC .    find-tag			 ESC z    zap-to-char
+ESC 0 .. ESC 9  digit-argument		 ESC |    shell-command-on-region
+ESC ;    indent-for-comment		 ESC ~    not-modified
+ESC <    beginning-of-buffer		 ESC DEL  backward-kill-word
+C-x 4 C-f       find-file-other-window	 C-x 4 d  dired-other-window
+C-x 4 .  find-tag-other-window		 C-x 4 f  find-file-other-window
+C-x 4 b  pop-to-buffer			 C-x 4 m  mail-other-window
+</code>
+===== Case Change =====
+<code>
+uppercase word                      M-u
+lowercase word                      M-l
+capitalize word                     M-c
+uppercase region                    C-x C-u
+lowercase region                    C-x C-l
+capitalize region             M-x capitalize-region
+</code>
+===== indentation =====
+<code>
+C-x TAB
+    Shift block of lines rigidly right or left (indent-rigidly).
+TAB
+    Indent current line "appropriately" in a mode-dependent fashion.
+LFD
+    Perform RET followed by TAB (newline-and-indent).
+M-^
+    Merge two lines (delete-indentation). This would cancel out the effect of LFD.
+C-M-o
+    Split line at point; text on the line after point becomes a new line indented to the same column that it now starts in (split-line).
+M-m
+    Move (forward or back) to the first nonblank character on the current line (back-to-indentation).
+C-M-\
+    Indent several lines to same column (indent-region).
+M-i
+    Indent from point to the next prespecified tab stop column (tab-to-tab-stop).
+M-x indent-relative
+    Indent from point to under an indentation point in the previous line.
+</code>
+====== Astuces / Tips ======
+===== Theme =====
+plus simple que ce qui suit, ajouter dans votre config ces lignes:
+<code emacs>
+;; Activer le support des thèmes
+(setq custom-enabled-themes nil)
+;; Charger un thème sombre (choisissez-en un seul)
+;; Option A : Modus Vivendi (Contraste élevé, très lisible)
+(load-theme 'modus-vivendi t)
+;; Option B : Doom One (Style sombre populaire, plus doux)
+;; (load-theme 'doom-one t) ;; Nécessite parfois de télécharger le paquet doom-themes via MELPA
+</code>
+pour changer de thème, p. ex. pour avoir un fond sombre
+   ALT-X customize-themes
+{{:info:emacs_theme.jpg?600|}}
+===== Replacing with RegExp within (x)emacs =====
+<code>
+query-replace-regexp
+<a href=\(.*\)>
+<a class="ns" href=\1>
+<a href="http://www.a">a</a>
+b
+c
+<\(/?\)font>
+<font>\(.*\)<\/font>
+\1
+<font.*>\(.*\)<\/font>
+<span class="ns">\1</span>
+<font class="\(.*\)">\(.*\)<\/font>
+<span class="\1">\2</span>
+<font size=\(.*\)>\(.*\)<\/font>
+<span class="\1">\2</span>
+</code>
+===== pour changer les noms de variables php =====
+<code>
+/* put here your variable list
+var1
+variabl2
+etc...
+note: you can get it with a command like
+ex. your form has lines like
+<input type="text" name="titre" size="60">
+<input type="checkbox" name="image" value="1">
+cat yourForm.php | sed 's|^.*name="||g' | sed 's|".*$||g'
+will return
+titre
+image
+*/
+/*copy-paste
+var1
+variabl2
+etc...
+*/
+in emacs, do a:
+CTRL-ALT-SHIFT-% (query-replace-regexp)
+^\(.*\)$
+[ENTER]
+$\1=$_POST['\1'];
+[ENTER]
+then try somes, if ok just make ! to change everything
+the result
+$var1=$_POST['var1'];
+$variabl2=$_POST['variabl2'];
+of course you can do the same with other replacement
+</code>
+===== Replacing emails with firstname   emails =====
+eg you have
+<code>
+John.Doe@soviet.org
+Mary.Smith@bolchoi.net
+</code>
+and want
+<code>
+John John.Doe@soviet.org
+Mary Mary.Smith@bolchoi.net
+</code>
+this is the way:
+CTRL-SHIFT-ALT-%
+<code>
+^\([A-Z][a-z]*\)\.\([A-Z][a-z]*\)@\(.*\)$
+\1   \1.\2@\3
+</code>
+===== how to introduce a new line with regexp (x)emacs =====
+<code>
+example:
+transform
+a,b,c
+into
+a
+b
+c
+use regular expression replacement:
+alt-ctrl-shift-%
+type the string you want to replace, eg. ,
+RET
+alt-J
+RET
+!
+and it's done!
+THE OTHER WAY (REPLACE LINES WITH STHING)
+alt-ctrl-shift-%
+type the string you want to replace, eg. ,
+alt-J
+RET
+THEN THE REPLACEMENT, eg ,
+RET
+!
+a
+b
+c
+WILL become
+a,b,c
+</code>
+===== how to print special characters =====
+<code>
+-> scratch, C-q + caract. (eg tab)
+esc ^[
+return ^M
+linefeed ^J
+</code>
+===== HTML-Helper-Mode, php syntax highlighting etc. =====
+http://radeff.red/info/emacs/html_helper_mode.htm
+for ubuntu:
+<code>
+sudo apt-get install php-mode php-elisp html-helper-mode css-mode
+</code>
+===== PHP & emacs =====
+pour cakephp & ses fichus fichiers "views" *.ctp:
+radeff@radeff-desktop:~$ gedit .xemacs/init.el
+ (add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.ctp$" . php-mode))
+et relancer xemacs
+===== How can I get XEmacs to work with UTF-8 files? =====
+    * Set up XEmacs so that it autodetects UTF-8 encoded files.
+    * In the case of starting a new file in a non-UTF-8 locale, set the file coding system to UTF-8 using C-x RET f.
+    * If running XEmacs in non-graphical mode in a UTF-8 xterm, set the terminal coding system to UTF-8 using C-x RET t.
+If you want XEmacs to load UTF-8 files correctly, add the following lines to your ~/.xemacs/init.el:
+(require 'un-define)
+(set-coding-priority-list '(utf-8))
+(set-coding-category-system 'utf-8 'utf-8)
+**ci-dessus pas terrible, il faut mieux utiliser la solution suivante:**
+source: http://www.maruko.ca/i18n/
+If you want XEmacs to load UTF-8 files correctly, add the following lines to your ~/.xemacs/init.el:
+<code>
+(require 'un-define)
+(set-coding-priority-list '(utf-8))
+(set-coding-category-system 'utf-8 'utf-8)
+</code>
+===== last complex command =====
+<code>
+C-x esc esc
+before commands: esc p
+</code>
+===== Repeating Query-Replaces =====
+<code>
+ESC < followed by C-x ESC ESC
+</code>
+===== Top/End of file =====
+<code>
+esc <
+esc >
+</code>
+===== FTP / SFTP / Tramp =====
+Source: http://www.benjaminbaudouin.com/xemacs-edit-over-ssh (dead link)
+Grâce au package TRAMP (Transparent Remote Access, Multiple Protocols), il est possible d’éditer des fichiers distants via SSH par exemple.
+Installation (Debian) :
+apt-get install tramp
+Utilisation :
+    * Avec xemacs :
+      xemacs /[ssh/user@host]/chemin/fichier
+    * Avec emacs :
+      emacs /ssh:user@host:/chemin/fichier
+Remarque :
+Ajoutez (setq tramp-default-method “ssh”)
+dans votre ~/.xemacs/custom.el pour de pas avoir à préciser la méthode ssh
+  * https://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/TrampMode
+  * https://nsaunders.wordpress.com/2007/02/05/emacs-tramp-ubuntu/
+===== Shortcuts =====